Introduction

Almost all enterprise applications use authorization in some level. Authorization is used to check if a user is allowed to perform some specific operation in the application. ASP.NET Boilerplate defines a permission based infrastructure to implement authorization.

Defining Permissions

A unique permission is defined for each operation needed to be authorized. We should define a permission before use it. ASP.NET Boilerplate is designed to be modular. So, different modules can have different permissions. A module should create a class derived from AuthorizationProvider in order to define it's permissions. An example authorization provider is shown below:

public class MyAuthorizationProvider : AuthorizationProvider
{
    public override void SetPermissions(IPermissionDefinitionContext context)
    {
        var administration = context.CreatePermission("Administration");

        var userManagement = administration.CreateChildPermission("Administration.UserManagement");
        userManagement.CreateChildPermission("Administration.UserManagement.CreateUser");

        var roleManagement = administration.CreateChildPermission("Administration.RoleManagement");
    }
}
			

IPermissionDefinitionContext has methods to get and create permissions.

A permission have some properties to define it:

• Name: a system-wide unique name. It's good idea to define a const string for a permission name instead of a magic string. We prefer to use . (dot) notation for hierarchical names but it's not required. You can set any name you like. Only rule is that it must be unique.
• Display name: A localizable string that can be used to show permission, later in UI.
• Description: A localizable string that can be used to show definition of the permission, later in UI.
• IsGrantedByDefault: Is this permission granted for all (logged in) users unless it's explicitly prohibited. This is generally made false (as default).
• MultiTenancySides: For multi-tenant application, a permission can be used by tenants or the host. This is a Flags enumeration and thus a permission can be used in both sides.
• dependedFeature: Can be used to declare a dependency to features. So, this permission can be granted only if feature dependency is satisfied.

A permission can have a parent and child permissions. While this does not effect permission checking, it may help to group permissions in UI.

After creating an authorization provider, we should register it in PreInitialize method of our module:

Configuration.Authorization.Providers.Add<MyAuthorizationProvider>();

Authorization providers are registered to dependency injection automatically. So, an authorization provider can inject any dependency (like a repository) to build permission definitions using some other sources.

Checking Permissions

Using AbpAuthorize Attribute

AbpAuthorize (AbpMvcAuthorize for MVC Controllers and AbpApiAuthorize for Web API Controllers) attribute is the easiest and most common way of checking permissions. Consider the application service method shown below:

[AbpAuthorize("Administration.UserManagement.CreateUser")]
public void CreateUser(CreateUserInput input)
{
    //A user can not execute this method if he is not granted for "Administration.UserManagement.CreateUser" permission.
}

CreateUser method can not be called by a user who is not granted for permission "Administration.UserManagement.CreateUser".

AbpAuthorize attribute also checks if current user is logged in (using IAbpSession.UserId). So, if we declare an AbpAuthorize for a method, it only checks for login:

[AbpAuthorize]
public void SomeMethod(SomeMethodInput input)
{
    //A user can not execute this method if he did not login.
}

AbpAuthorize attribute notes

ASP.NET Boilerplate uses power of dynamic method interception for authorization. So, there is some restrictions for the methods use AbpAuthorize attribute.

• Can not use it for private methods.
• Can not use it for static methods.
• Can not use it for methods of a non-injected class (We must use dependency injection).

Also,

• Can use it for any public method if the method is called over an interface (like Application Services used over interface).
• A method should be virtual if it's called directly from class reference (like ASP.NET MVC or Web API Controllers).
• A method should be virtual if it's protected.

Notice: There are four types of authorize attributes:

• In an application service (application layer), we use Abp.Authorization.AbpAuthorize attribute.
• In an MVC controller (web layer), we use Abp.Web.Mvc.Authorization.AbpMvcAuthorize attribute.
• In ASP.NET Web API, we use Abp.WebApi.Authorization.AbpApiAuthorize attribute.
• In ASP.NET Core, we use Abp.AspNetCore.Mvc.Authorization.AbpMvcAuthorize attribute.

This difference comes from inheritance. In application layer it's completely ASP.NET Boilerplate's implementation and does not extend any class. But, int MVC and Web API, it inherits from Authorize attributes of those frameworks.

Suppress Authorization

You can disable authorization for a method/class by adding AbpAllowAnonymous attribute to aplication services. Use AllowAnonymous for MVC, Web API and ASP.NET Core Controllers, which are native attributes of these frameworks.

Using IPermissionChecker

While AbpAuthorize attribute pretty enough for most cases, there must be situations we should check for a permission in a method body. We can inject and use IPermissionChecker for that as shown in the example below:

public void CreateUser(CreateOrUpdateUserInput input)
{
    if (!PermissionChecker.IsGranted("Administration.UserManagement.CreateUser"))
    {
        throw new AbpAuthorizationException("You are not authorized to create user!");
    }

    //A user can not reach this point if he is not granted for "Administration.UserManagement.CreateUser" permission.
}

Surely, you can code any logic since IsGranted simply returns true or false (It has Async version also). If you simply check a permission and throw an exception as shown above, you can use the Authorize method:

public void CreateUser(CreateOrUpdateUserInput input)
{
    PermissionChecker.Authorize("Administration.UserManagement.CreateUser");

    //A user can not reach this point if he is not granted for "Administration.UserManagement.CreateUser" permission.
}

Since authorization is widely used, ApplicationService and some common base classes inject and define PermissionChecker property. Thus, permission checker can be used without injecting in application service classes.

In Razor Views

Base view class defines IsGranted method to check if current user has a permission. Thus, we can conditionally render the view. Example:

@if (IsGranted("Administration.UserManagement.CreateUser"))
{
    <button id="CreateNewUserButton" class="btn btn-primary"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i> @L("CreateNewUser")</button>
}

Client Side (Javascript)

In the client side, we can use API defined in abp.auth namespace. In most case, we need to check if current user has a specific permission (with permission name). Example:

abp.auth.isGranted('Administration.UserManagement.CreateUser');

You can also use abp.auth.grantedPermissions to get all granted permissions or abp.auth.allPermissions to get all available permission names in the application. Check abp.auth namespace on runtime for others.

Permission Manager

We may need to definitions of permission. IPermissionManager can be injected and used in that case.